“IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Models for Power System Stability Studies,” IEEE Standard 421.5-2005.The HYPERSIM® simulation option Set Initial Conditions must be checked for the automatic initialization to work properly. If a pu standard or pu fundamental machine is used, Ifd0 shall be set as “=SM1.IF_Init” and Efd0 shall be set as "=SM1.EFD_Init".If a thermal machine or a hydraulic machine is used, Ifd0 shall be set as “=SM1.IfdInit” multiplied by the synchronous machine parameter Xad = Xd – Xl, and Efd0 shall be set as “=SM1.EfdInit”.If the measured impedance is less than the reach point impedance, it is assumed that a fault exists on the line between the relay and the. The apparent impedance so calculated is compared with the reach point impedance. For instance, if the name of the synchronous machine on which the excitation system is connected is “SM1” The basic principle of distance protection involves the division of the voltage at the relaying point by the measured current. It can also be set automatically, based on load flow calculations, by entering a referenced synchronous machine variable. The parameters Ifd0 and Efd0 can be set manually by entering a numerical value. The exciter saturation function value at VE2 The exciter saturation function value at VE1 The exciter voltage point which is near 75% of VE1 The exciter voltage point which is near the exciter ceiling voltage Minimum of exciter voltage back of commutating reactance Excitation control system stabilizer gainĮxcitation control system stabilizer time constant
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